كيفية بناء معرّفات اللغة من المكونات

const locale = new Intl.Locale("en", {
  region: "US"
});

console.log(locale.toString());
// Output: "en-US"

const usEnglish = new Intl.Locale("en", { region: "US" });
const britishEnglish = new Intl.Locale("en", { region: "GB" });
const canadianEnglish = new Intl.Locale("en", { region: "CA" });

console.log(usEnglish.toString()); // "en-US"
console.log(britishEnglish.toString()); // "en-GB"
console.log(canadianEnglish.toString()); // "en-CA"

const simplifiedChinese = new Intl.Locale("zh", {
  script: "Hans",
  region: "CN"
});

console.log(simplifiedChinese.toString());
// Output: "zh-Hans-CN"

const traditionalChinese = new Intl.Locale("zh", {
  script: "Hant",
  region: "TW"
});

console.log(traditionalChinese.toString());
// Output: "zh-Hant-TW"

const serbianCyrillic = new Intl.Locale("sr", {
  script: "Cyrl",
  region: "RS"
});

const serbianLatin = new Intl.Locale("sr", {
  script: "Latn",
  region: "RS"
});

console.log(serbianCyrillic.toString()); // "sr-Cyrl-RS"
console.log(serbianLatin.toString()); // "sr-Latn-RS"

function buildLocaleFromSelections(languageCode, regionCode) {
  const locale = new Intl.Locale(languageCode, {
    region: regionCode
  });

  return locale.toString();
}

const userLocale = buildLocaleFromSelections("es", "MX");
console.log(userLocale);
// Output: "es-MX"

function buildLocaleFromSelections(languageCode, regionCode) {
  try {
    const locale = new Intl.Locale(languageCode, {
      region: regionCode
    });
    return {
      success: true,
      locale: locale.toString()
    };
  } catch (error) {
    return {
      success: false,
      error: error.message
    };
  }
}

const valid = buildLocaleFromSelections("fr", "CA");
console.log(valid);
// Output: { success: true, locale: "fr-CA" }

const invalid = buildLocaleFromSelections("invalid", "XX");
console.log(invalid);
// Output: { success: false, error: "..." }

const locale = new Intl.Locale("fr");
console.log(locale.toString());
// Output: "fr"

function buildLocale(language, options = {}) {
  const localeOptions = {};

  if (options.region) {
    localeOptions.region = options.region;
  }

  if (options.script) {
    localeOptions.script = options.script;
  }

  const locale = new Intl.Locale(language, localeOptions);
  return locale.toString();
}

console.log(buildLocale("en"));
// Output: "en"

console.log(buildLocale("en", { region: "US" }));
// Output: "en-US"

console.log(buildLocale("zh", { script: "Hans", region: "CN" }));
// Output: "zh-Hans-CN"

const baseLocale = new Intl.Locale("en-US");
const withDifferentRegion = new Intl.Locale(baseLocale, {
  region: "GB"
});

console.log(withDifferentRegion.toString());
// Output: "en-GB"

const original = new Intl.Locale("zh-Hans-CN");
const modified = new Intl.Locale(original, {
  script: "Hant",
  region: "TW"
});

console.log(modified.toString());
// Output: "zh-Hant-TW"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("ar", {
  region: "SA",
  calendar: "islamic"
});

console.log(locale.toString());
// Output: "ar-SA-u-ca-islamic"

console.log(locale.calendar);
// Output: "islamic"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("en", {
  region: "US",
  calendar: "gregory",
  numberingSystem: "latn",
  hourCycle: "h12"
});

console.log(locale.toString());
// Output: "en-US-u-ca-gregory-hc-h12-nu-latn"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("ar", {
  region: "EG",
  numberingSystem: "arab"
});

const formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);
console.log(formatter.format(12345));
// Output: "١٢٬٣٤٥" (Arabic-Indic numerals)

// Syntactically valid but semantically questionable
const locale = new Intl.Locale("en", {
  script: "Arab",
  region: "JP"
});

console.log(locale.toString());
// Output: "en-Arab-JP"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("en", { region: "JP" });
const maximized = locale.maximize();

console.log(maximized.toString());
// Output: "en-Latn-JP"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("fr", { region: "CA" });
console.log(locale.language);
// Output: "fr"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("fr", { region: "CA" });
console.log(locale.region);
// Output: "CA"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("zh", {
  script: "Hans",
  region: "CN"
});

console.log(locale.script);
// Output: "Hans"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("en", { region: "US" });
console.log(locale.script);
// Output: undefined

const locale = new Intl.Locale("ar", {
  region: "SA",
  calendar: "islamic",
  numberingSystem: "arab"
});

console.log(locale.baseName);
// Output: "ar-SA"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("es", { region: "MX" });
const identifier = locale.toString();

console.log(identifier);
// Output: "es-MX"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("de", { region: "DE" });
const formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale.toString());

const price = 1234.56;
console.log(formatter.format(price));
// Output: "1.234,56"

const locale = new Intl.Locale("de", { region: "DE" });
const formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);

function createLocaleFromPicker(languageSelect, regionSelect) {
  const language = languageSelect.value;
  const region = regionSelect.value;

  const locale = new Intl.Locale(language, { region });
  return locale.toString();
}

// User selects "Spanish" and "Mexico"
const selectedLocale = createLocaleFromPicker(
  { value: "es" },
  { value: "MX" }
);

console.log(selectedLocale);
// Output: "es-MX"

function generateRegionalVariants(languageCode, regionCodes) {
  return regionCodes.map(regionCode => {
    const locale = new Intl.Locale(languageCode, {
      region: regionCode
    });
    return locale.toString();
  });
}

const englishVariants = generateRegionalVariants("en", [
  "US",
  "GB",
  "CA",
  "AU",
  "NZ"
]);

console.log(englishVariants);
// Output: ["en-US", "en-GB", "en-CA", "en-AU", "en-NZ"]

function getLocaleFromURL(url) {
  const params = new URL(url).searchParams;
  const language = params.get("lang");
  const region = params.get("region");

  if (!language) {
    return null;
  }

  const options = {};
  if (region) {
    options.region = region;
  }

  try {
    const locale = new Intl.Locale(language, options);
    return locale.toString();
  } catch (error) {
    return null;
  }
}

const locale1 = getLocaleFromURL("https://example.com?lang=fr&region=CA");
console.log(locale1);
// Output: "fr-CA"

const locale2 = getLocaleFromURL("https://example.com?lang=ja");
console.log(locale2);
// Output: "ja"

function normalizeLocale(identifier) {
  try {
    const locale = new Intl.Locale(identifier);
    return locale.toString();
  } catch (error) {
    return null;
  }
}

console.log(normalizeLocale("EN-us"));
// Output: "en-US"

console.log(normalizeLocale("zh_Hans_CN"));
// Output: null (invalid separator)

function buildFormatterLocale(language, region, preferences) {
  const locale = new Intl.Locale(language, {
    region,
    hourCycle: preferences.use24Hour ? "h23" : "h12",
    numberingSystem: preferences.numberingSystem
  });

  return locale;
}

const userPreferences = {
  use24Hour: true,
  numberingSystem: "latn"
};

const locale = buildFormatterLocale("fr", "FR", userPreferences);

const timeFormatter = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, {
  hour: "numeric",
  minute: "numeric"
});

const now = new Date("2025-10-15T14:30:00");
console.log(timeFormatter.format(now));
// Output: "14:30" (24-hour format)

// Good for fixed locales
const locale = new Intl.Locale("en-US");

// Good for dynamic locales
const locale = new Intl.Locale(userLanguage, {
  region: userRegion
});